Ancient settlements on the territory of Kiev and its environs. The emergence of the city of Kiev. Part One

The life of Kiev vividly reflects the history of our entire Homeland. The ancient chronicler called Kiev "the mother of Russian cities." This underlines the great importance of Kiev in the history of ancient Russia - the cradle of three fraternal peoples - Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.

The origin of Kiev is lost in ancient times and is shrouded in legends. Only archaeological monuments tell about the ancient history of people who lived in the territory where the glorious city later grew up.

The existence of primitive people here is evidenced by archaeological finds discovered in the 90s of the XIX century by the Ukrainian archaeologist V. V. Khvoiki on Podil, in the estate No. 69-61 on Kirillovskaya Street (now Frunze Street) . The settlement of the ancient Stone Age discovered by him on the territory of Kiev is commonly called the Cyril parking lot. Tools of primitive man made of rough stone and bones (incisors, scrapers, etc.), remains of coal from bonfires, as well as bones of mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses and other animals of the Paleolithic period were found here. This indicates that the settlers of the Kirillovskaya parking lot were engaged in hunting.

Paleolithic site. The excavation site on Kirillovskaya Street. The nineties of the XIX century.

The parking place of primitive people from the Paleolithic times was also discovered on the outskirts of Kiev in Protasov Yar, near the Baykov cemetery. Along with tools and animal bones, remains of primitive dugout dwellings fortified with wood were found at both Kiev sites, especially at Kirillovskaya.

Further studies of the Kirillov parking lot by V. V. Khvoika showed that people lived on the territory of Kiev even in the Mesolithic era. Here, in one of the cultural layers, traces of people who lived thirteen to ten thousand years ago were found. However, much less animal bones and coal were found in this layer; almost no housing was preserved, as they were temporary, because people in search of game and fish-rich river sections changed their parking places.

During the Neolithic period (VIII-IV millennia BC), hunting and especially fishing reached high development. Wooden boats, fishing nets, and hooks appear. Woodworking tools appear, however, primitive - first upholstered axes, and then polished.

At the end of the IV - beginning of the III millennium BC, metal products made of copper and bronze appeared. At the same time, the oldest forms of economic activity appeared - cattle breeding and agriculture. This period in public life is characterized by the completion of the process of formation of tribes. https://casas-apuestas.net